The State Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically Franz Oppenheimer Books
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This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
The State Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically Franz Oppenheimer Books
great book.the was a scanned/electronic copy of an originally published version... thus, type is offset, etc.
but the intellectual material is great.
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Tags : The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically [Franz Oppenheimer] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work,Franz Oppenheimer,The State: Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically,Ulan Press,B009JT7RYA,EDUCATION General
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The State Its History and Development Viewed Sociologically Franz Oppenheimer Books Reviews
The book The State by Franz Oppenheimer interprets the genesis of the state from the perspective of the relationship between economy and politics. He insisted that the conquest of a group of people by another group of people such as the conquest of a group of peasants by a group of nomads in the history is due to the desire for economic interest. Thus the analysis of the genesis of the state focuses on the endeavor of the rulers in the building of the state and the resistance of the ruled until the ruled had no alternative but to accept the ruling of the rulers and the ruler turned to take care of the interest of the ruled after the long-term co-existence. My view is that conquest happens in the process of evolution of the community from the primitive society to the civilized one. Language is a factor underlying this evolution. That is, as language enables men to extend communication distance, men expand their community. As the community tends to grow in scale, material interest gained by the conqueror tends to increase. Then the conqueror takes action to build the state.
As such, we can also sduty the genesis of the state from the perspective of language in order to give an ontological interpretation. To put it another way, if we believe that human community evolves from the tribe of the primitive society to the state of the civilized society, we may not conceive of the formation of the state that way because that view is not thorough. We can believe that language is the key for the explanation of the origin of the state. That is, the use of language extends the distance of communication because media can be developed when language is used. When the distance of linguistic communication is extended because human chain linguistic communication as well as written communication can be performed, the community grows large in population and area. When language is used in communication, common interest of those who use that language is also formed. For example, common memory is kept and common religious belief is spread. Then the unity of the community is no longer maintained by kinship ties but by linguistic communication. In other words, the unity of the tribe is maintained by kinship ties because the population of the tribe is very small while the unity of the state is no longer maintained by kinship ties because the population of the state is usually very large. Thus, the interpretation of the role of language in state formation may be distinct from the interpretation of Oppenheimer. However, in view of the need of the thorough and fundamental interpretation of the origin of the state, the interpretation concerning language may be ontological and hence more thorough and funadamental while Oppenheimer's may not.
Commentator Xing Yu, the author of the book Language and State An Inquiry into the Progress of Civilization
Great price on a good book. It was recommended to me and I didn't want to pay the "full" price for a book I'd probably share with someone else.
Prior to reading this typographical reprint of this phenomenal 1908 work (translated into English in 1914), I held, overall, a very low opinion of the field of sociology. I perceived it as more-or-less a psuedo-science created to rationalize social engineering schemes of academics and the privileges of the ruling class.
And indeed, most sociologists, particularly now, in the 21st century, use their field precisely to propagate such agendas. But in _The State_, Oppenheimer leads us to the binding, resolute, and thoroughly convincing conclusion that it is not sociology that lacks utility for the betterment of society, but rather, it is the incompetence of most of the sociologists themselves. Oppenheimer shows that the analytic approach to sociology proper, and its relation to history, must transpire with the recognition that two forces, and the conflict between them, have shaped the progression of all of history heretofore namely, the "economic means" of life, i.e., the peaceful means of improving one's standard of living through labor and exchange; and the "political means," i.e., the violent means of improving that standard through the parasitic exploitation of the labors of subordinates. It is, in brief, a history of the unceasing conflict between subjects and rulers.
Oppenheimer here demonstrates, first deductively and then empirically with supplementary historical evidence, the origins and essence of the State, its development, and his prognosis for its future. In particular, and by employing a comparatively simple mathematical deduction in the first chapter of the book, he demonstrates that all previous theories regarding the origins and essence of the State have failed to furnish adequate supporting evidence, whether deductive or empirical, to validate their claims. With these previous theories torn asunder and cast aside, Oppenheimer reveals conclusively that the State could have arisen in no other manner than through conquest and subjugation, through the violent imposition of dominion over peaceful tribes by violent tribes. To quote
"The State, completely in its genesis, essentially and almost completely during the first stages of its existence, is a social institution, forced by a victorious group of men on a defeated group, with the sole purpose of regulating the dominion of the victorious group over the vanquished, and securing itself against revolt from within and attacks from abroad. Teleologically, this dominion had no other purpose than the economic exploitation of the vanquished by the victors."
He thereafter proceeds to cover the genesis of the State, involving a dynamic of interaction between peaceful primitive farmers, hunter and gatherer tribes, nomadic herding tribes, and the manner by which this gave rise to the slave trade, and thus, "the first seedling of the State, the first economic exploitation of man by man."
Henceforth, Oppenheimer traces the development of the State after its genesis through the "primitive feudal State," consisting of a simple caste system; into the "maritime State" wherever States arise near the sea and its necessary subsequent end; proceeding to the "developed feudal State," consisting of a far greater degree of complexity and hierarchy of castes than its "primitive" predecessor; thereafter arriving at the emergence of the "constitutional State"; and concluding the book with his deductive prognosis for the future, i.e., the advent of the "free citizenship," a social arrangement in which the State at last vanishes from existence and humans live amongst one another no longer as subjects and masters, but as free equals. In respect to this lattermost task, he states
"The tendency of State development unmistakably leads to one point seen in its essentials the State will cease to be the 'developed political means' and will become the 'a freeman's citizenship.' In other words, its outer shell will remain in essentials the form which developed in the constitutional State, under which the administration will be carried on by an officialdom. But the content of the States heretofore known will have changed its vital element by disappearance of the economic exploitation of one class by another. And since the State will, by this, come to be without either classes or class interests, the bureaucracy of the future will truly have attained that ideal of the impartial guardian of the common interests, which nowadays it laboriously attempts to reach. The 'State' of the future will be 'society' guided by self-government."
I have not here provided all the details necessary to validate Oppenheimer's theory, in order to refrain from spoiling the work; but I do hope I have furnished a sufficient summary to inspire the purchasing and reading of this book. Those interested in the cause of liberty and free enterprise especially will regard it as an invaluable addition to their arsenal of knowledge when refuting the doctrines of those who seek to further enslave the human race by misrepresenting the development of the history of humankind.
great book.
the was a scanned/electronic copy of an originally published version... thus, type is offset, etc.
but the intellectual material is great.
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